Updating firmware in a display device using a serial bus

ABSTRACT

Updating firmware of a display device. The display device may include a display screen and a video interface for receiving video signals from a host system and providing the video signals for display on the display screen. The display device may include a memory that stores program instructions for controlling operation of the display device. The display device may include a serial bus interface (e.g., a USB interface), which may receive signals from a host computer for updating the program instructions in the memory. A serial bus to first protocol bridge may receive the serial bus signals from the serial bus interface and convert the serial bus signals to signals of the first protocol. A display controller may update the program instructions in the memory of the display in response to the signals of the first protocol.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

This application claims benefit of priority of U.S. provisionalapplication Ser. No. 61/032,291 titled “USB-I2C Bridge for Soft OSD andFW Upgrade in LCD Displays” filed Feb. 28, 2008, whose inventors wereMark Y. Fu and Dale A. Herman which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety as though fully and completely set forth herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of displays, and moreparticularly to a system and method for updating firmware in a displaydevice using USB.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Many displays support protocols for performing display managementoperations (e.g., changing display properties). For example, a videocard of a computer system may be configured to provide Inter-IntegratedCircuit (I2C) signals to a display to change display properties.However, different manufacturers handle such signals in differentmanners, which can lead to incompatibilities between particular videocards and displays. Accordingly, display manufacturers have to testagainst numerous different video cards during testing, which can becostly. Accordingly, improvements in display management are desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments are presented of a system and method for updatingfirmware in a display device using serial bus signals.

The display device may include a display screen and a video interface.The video interface may receive video signals from a host system andprovide the video signals for display on the display screen.

The display device may include a display controller, a memory thatstores program instructions for controlling operation of the displaydevice, and a processor which is configured to execute the programinstructions. In various embodiments, the display controller may receivethe video signals from the video interface and provide correspondingsignals for display on the display screen.

The display device may include a serial bus interface, which may receiveserial bus signals (e.g., universal serial bus (USB) signals) from thehost system. The serial bus signals may be for managing the displaydevice. For example, the serial bus signals may include information forupdating the program instructions in the memory, e.g., for updatingfirmware in the display device. Alternatively, or additionally, theserial bus signals may be for changing display properties, performingasset management, or performing calibration of the display device. Inone embodiment, the serial bus signals may be provided in response touser input to management software (e.g., providing on screen display(OSD) functions) executing on the host system. For example, themanagement software may be implemented as program instructions stored ina memory medium of the host system.

The display device may include a serial bus to first protocol bridge,which may receive the serial bus signals and convert the serial bussignals to signals of the first protocol (e.g., I2C). Similar to thedisplay controller above, the serial bus to first protocol bridge mayinclude a processor and memory for converting the serial bus signals tothe signals of the first protocol. However, in alternate embodiments,the serial bus to first protocol bridge may be a state machine (e.g., ahard-wired state machine) which may not include a processor and memory.In some embodiments, the serial bus to first protocol bridge may beincluded in a USB controller.

The display controller may perform the management functions describedabove based on the signals of the first protocol. For example, thedisplay controller may update the firmware or program instructions ofthe display device, modify display properties, perform calibration,perform asset management, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiment is consideredin conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary computer system and display device,according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are block diagrams of an exemplary display deviceaccording to one embodiment; and

FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor updating firmware of a display device using a serial bus, accordingto one embodiment.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should beunderstood, however, that the drawings and detailed description theretoare not intended to limit the invention to the particular formdisclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover allmodifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spiritand scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Terms

The following is a glossary of terms used in the present application:

Memory Medium—Any of various types of memory devices or storage devices.The term “memory medium” is intended to include an installation mediume.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memoryor random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, RambusRAM, etc.; or a non-volatile memory such as a magnetic media, e.g., ahard drive, optical storage, flash memory, etc. The memory medium maycomprise other types of memory as well, or combinations thereof. Inaddition, the memory medium may be located in a first device in whichthe programs are executed, or may be located in a second differentdevice which connects to the first device over a network, such as theInternet. In the latter instance, the second device may provide programinstructions or data to the first device for execution or reference. Theterm “memory medium” may include two or more memory mediums which mayreside in different locations, e.g., in different computers that areconnected over a network.

Programmable Hardware Element—includes various hardware devicescomprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via aprogrammable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field ProgrammableGate Arrays), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPOAs (FieldProgrammable Object Arrays), and CPLDs (Complex PLDs). The programmablefunction blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or lookup tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processorcores). A programmable hardware element may also be referred to as“reconfigurable logic”.

Program—the term “program” is intended to have the full breadth of itsordinary meaning. The term “program” includes 1) a software programwhich may be stored in a memory and is executable by a processor or 2) ahardware configuration program useable for configuring a programmablehardware element.

Software Program—the term “software program” is intended to have thefull breadth of its ordinary meaning, and includes any type of programinstructions, code, script and/or data, or combinations thereof, thatmay be stored in a memory medium and executed by a processor. Exemplarysoftware programs include programs written in text-based programminglanguages, such as C, C++, PASCAL, FORTRAN, COBOL, JAVA, assemblylanguage, etc.; graphical programs (programs written in graphicalprogramming languages); assembly language programs; programs that havebeen compiled to machine language; scripts; and other types ofexecutable software. A software program may comprise two or moresoftware programs that interoperate in some manner. Note that variousembodiments described herein may be implemented by a computer orsoftware program. A software program may be stored as programinstructions on a memory medium.

Hardware Configuration Program—a program, e.g., a netlist or bit file,that can be used to program or configure a programmable hardwareelement.

Computer System—any of various types of computing or processing systems,including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system,workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digitalassistant (PDA), television system, grid computing system, or otherdevice or combinations of devices. In general, the term “computersystem” can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combinationof devices) having at least one processor that executes instructionsfrom a memory medium.

FIG. 1—Computer System and Display

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a display device 100 coupled to ahost system 150. As shown, the display device 100 may include a videointerface 120 which may receive video signals from the host system 150for display on the display screen of the display device 100. Thus, thedisplay device 100 may be configured to provide a video output for thecomputer system 150 using the video interface 120.

The display device may further include a serial bus interface 110 (e.g.,which may be a universal serial bus (USB) interface). As describedbelow, the display device may receive signals for managing the displaydevice (e.g., for updating the firmware of the display device) over theserial bus interface 110. As used herein, the term “firmware” has thefull breadth of its ordinary meaning. In some embodiments, the serialbus interface 110 may be a serial bus controller (e.g., a USBcontroller) which may provide a single endpoint or may be configured tosupport multiple USB end points. For example, the serial bus interface110 may include a serial bus hub (e.g., a USB hub) which may allowvarious serial bus devices to be coupled to the display device 100 viathe serial bus interface 110. In one embodiment, the keyboard and mouse,shown in FIG. 1, may be coupled to the serial bus hub of the displaydevice 100. However, the serial bus hub may be separate from the serialbus interface 110 in various embodiments.

The display device 100 may be of any of various display devices. Forexample, the display device 100 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD)display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, a plasmadisplay device, a DLP display device, a projection display device, etc.

The host system 150 may be any of various host devices; morespecifically, the host system 150 may be a computer system and/or othertypes of host devices operable to perform various embodiments describedherein. Alternatively, or additionally, the host system 150 may be aserial bus device, e.g., a USB device. For example, in one embodiment,the host system 150 may be a USB on-the-go (OTG) device which may beoperable to act as a host and a device, e.g., depending on thesituation. Thus, according to various embodiments the host system 150may be any of various appropriate devices.

Additionally, as indicated above, the computer system 150 may include akeyboard and/or mouse, which may be serial devices. The keyboard and/ormouse may couple to the host system 150 via a variety of ways, e.g.,directly to the host system 150 or via the display device 100, amongother methods. Additionally, the host system 150 may include at leastone memory medium on which one or more computer programs or softwarecomponents may be stored. For example, the memory medium may storeoperating system software, as well as other software for operation ofthe host system 150. Various embodiments further include receiving orstoring instructions and/or data implemented in accordance with theforegoing description upon a carrier medium.

Note that the above descriptions of the host system 150 and the displaydevice 100 (and components therein) are exemplary only and othercomponents and systems are envisioned.

FIGS. 2A and 2B—Exemplary Block Diagrams of the Display Device

FIG. 2A is an exemplary block diagrams of the display device 100 coupledto the host system 150. As shown, the host system 150 may couple to theserial bus controller 230 (e.g., via a serial bus of the host system150) and may separately couple to the display controller 210 (e.g., viaa video card or circuit of the host system 150). As indicated above, thehost system 150 may be coupled to the serial bus controller via a serialbus (e.g., USB such as USB 2.0) and may be coupled to the displaycontroller 210 via a video protocol/cable (e.g., VGA, DVI, HDMI,component, etc.). The coupling between the host system 150 and thedisplay controller 210 may support I2C communications over the videocable; however, according to various embodiments herein, the I2Ccommunications between the host system 150 and the display controller210 may not be used, and instead such communication may be provided viaserial bus communication to the serial bus controller 230.Alternatively, the host system may be able to communicate using both thefirst protocol (e.g., I2C) via the video cable and serial bus signalsvia the serial bus cable. In such embodiments, the I2C signals from thehost system 150 and the I2C signals from the serial bus controller 230may be “tied together” before going into the display controller 210.Alternatively, the I2C signals may be selected, e.g., via an externalanalog switch, which may be controlled by the serial bus controller 230.

The display controller 210 may be configured to receive video signalsand use them to provide images on the display screen of the displaydevice. For example, the display controller 210 may receive videosignals from the host system 150 (e.g., from an operating system, one ormore applications executing on the host system 150, video output(possibly from another source than the host system 150), etc.) interpretor modify them based on display properties (e.g., brightness, contrast,saturation, color schemes, etc. if necessary) and provide them fordisplay on the display screen.

The display controller 210 may include a processor and, as shown may becoupled to memory 220. Memory 220 may include program instructions(e.g., firmware) which may be executable by the processor of the displaycontroller 210 to control operation of the display device (e.g., forcausing display of video signals received by the host 150). The memory220 may be a non-volatile memory such as flash memory or may be any typeof memory medium, as desired. As described below, the host system 150may provide serial bus signals to the serial bus controller 210 forupdating the program instructions or firmware of the display controller210 stored in the memory 220.

Similarly, the serial bus controller 230 may be coupled to a memory 240which may store program instructions or firmware which may be executableby a processor of the serial bus controller 230 to control operation ofthe serial bus controller 230. Thus, the operation of the serial buscontroller 230 may be dictated by the firmware or program instructionsstored in the memory 240. Similar to above, the memory 240 may be anon-volatile memory such as flash memory or any type of memory medium,as desired.

In some embodiments, the serial bus controller 230 may support multipleendpoints and may, for example, include a serial bus hub, a memory cardreader, and/or any of a variety of serial bus devices. For example, theserial bus controller 230 may include a plurality of ports where serialbus devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, printers, digital cameras, portableaudiovisual players, etc.) may be connected. The serial bus controller230 may also include one or more non-removable functions, such as anEthernet controller, as desired.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the serial bus controller 230 may be coupled to thedisplay controller 210. The serial bus controller 230 may be configuredto communicate with the display controller 210 using a first protocol,such as I2C, although other protocols for internal communication of thedisplay device are envisioned. Thus, the serial bus controller 230 maybe configured to receive serial bus signals from the host system 150 andconvert or interpret them to the first protocol and providecorresponding signals in the first protocol to the display controller210 (e.g., to update firmware of the display controller 210, modifydisplay properties of the display device, perform calibration, assetmanagement, etc.). The serial bus controller 230 may also be configuredto receive signals of the first protocol, convert them to serial bussignals, and provide those signals to the host system 150.

The serial bus controller 230 may enumerate (e.g., according to the USB(e.g., 2.0) specification) with the host system as specified to thedisplay device or as a generic device (thereby avoiding the requirementof drivers specific to the display device). For example, the serial buscontroller 230 may be identified as a Human Interface Device (HID), MassStorage Class (MSC), or Communication Device Class (CDC) device, amongnative driver other possibilities.

FIG. 2B illustrates an alternative embodiment, where a second protocol(e.g., Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) may be used in the displaydevice 200. For example, the display device 200 may utilize an SPImemory medium (e.g., a SPI flash memory), possibly for one or both ofthe memory mediums (220 and 240) shown in FIG. 2A. In some embodiments,the serial bus controller 230 may provide a secondary switch 235 toconnect directly to the SPI bus for possibly faster updates, e.g., ofthe memory medium. For example, the serial bus controller 230 may eitherpass through the SPI interface from the display controller 210 to thecorresponding SPI flash memory (for example) or the serial buscontroller 230 may take over control of the memory medium in order toupdate the firmware/program instructions. In various embodiments, theI2C interface may still be required in order to inform the displaycontroller 210 than an update to its firmware is occurring. Thus, FIG.2B provides an alternative configuration for the memory of the displaycontroller 210, possibly using an additional protocol, such as SPI.

FIG. 3—Updating Firmware of a Display Device Using Serial Bus Signals

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for updating firmware of a display deviceusing serial bus signals (e.g., USB signals). The method shown in FIG. 3may be used in conjunction with any of the computer systems or devicesshown in the above Figures, among other devices. In various embodiments,some of the method elements shown may be performed concurrently, in adifferent order than shown, or may be omitted. Additional methodelements may also be performed as desired. As shown, this method mayoperate as follows.

In 302, serial bus signals (e.g., USB signals) may be provided from ahost system (such as the host system 150 above) to a display device(such as the display device 100 above). For example, the host system mayprovide the serial bus signals to a serial bus interface (e.g., a port)of the display device. According to various embodiments, the signals maybe provided from the host system in response to execution of managementsoftware executing on the host system. For example, the managementsoftware may be for managing the display device. Accordingly, in oneembodiment, the user may provide input to the management software (e.g.,to modify display properties or perform calibration) and the serial bussignals may be provided to the display device. In some embodiments, themanagement software may act as an on screen display (OSD) for thedisplay device. Alternatively, or additionally, the serial bus signalsmay be for updating firmware of the display device.

In 304, the serial bus signals may be received by the display device. Asindicated above, the display device may include a serial bus interfacewhich may receive the serial bus signals (e.g., via serial bus cable).As also indicated above, the signals may be received over a pathway thatis separate and distinct from a video signal pathway which may beprovided from the host system (or a different host system) to a videointerface of the display device. The video interface may be configuredto receive video signals from the host system and provide the videosignals for display (e.g., via a display controller) on a display screenof the display device.

In 306, the serial bus signals may be interpreted or converted tosignals of a first protocol, e.g., I2C signals. 306 may be performed bya serial bus to first protocol bridge. In some embodiments, the serialbus to first protocol bridge may be comprised in a serial bus controllerof the display device.

In 308, the signals of the first protocol may be used to manage thedisplay device. More specifically, in one embodiment, the signals of thefirst protocol may be used to update or otherwise modify firmware orprogram instructions of the display device. For example, the displaycontroller may include or be coupled to a memory which stores firmwareor program instructions which are executable to perform the functions ofthe display controller, and the signals of the first protocol may beused to update or modify these program instructions. Thus, serial bussignals may be provided to the display device to update a firmware ofthe display device. In some embodiments, the firmware of the serial buscontroller or bridge may be additionally or alternatively updated. Thedisplay controller or a processor of the display controller may beconfigured to receive the signals of the first protocol and update thefirmware accordingly.

In some embodiments, the serial bus signals (and correspondingly, thesignals of the first protocol) may be used to perform various otheractions (e.g., in addition to or alternatively from modifying thefirmware of the display device). For example, the signals may be formodifying a display property of the display device. More specifically,the signals may indicate that a brightness, saturation, contrast, colorhue balance, vertical or horizontal display width or height, skew, orother display property should be changed. Accordingly, the displayproperties of the display device may be changed (e.g., by the displaycontroller). These values may be provided by management softwareexecuting on the host system. For example, the management software mayprovide on screen display (OSD) features of the display device therebyallowing the user to interact with the OSD using a mouse rather thanbuilt in buttons on the display device.

Alternatively, or additionally, the serial bus signals may be used forcalibration purposes. For example, a known image may be displayed on thedisplay device and may be calibrated to correctly display the knownimage by communicating through the serial bus signals. In oneembodiment, a device may be used to monitor changes made to displayproperties (e.g., by the display controller) of the display device andto perform calibration of the display device, e.g., in an automatedfashion.

Furthermore, the serial bus signals may be used for asset management,e.g., in a company or network of computers. For example, the managementsoftware or host system may receive commands to turn on or off thedisplay device, e.g., from a remote computer or administrator, and inturn, serial bus signals may be provided to invoke the requested action(e.g., to turn on or off the display device). Such actions may beperformed by the display controller. As another example, assetmanagement may pertain to serial number tracking, e.g., using theExtended Display Identification Data (EDID) of the display device.Further asset management functions are envisioned.

Thus, serial bus signals may be provided to the display device, thedisplay device may convert the signals to a first protocol (e.g., I2C),and display management functions may be performed accordingly.

Note that while the above descriptions relate to provision of serial bussignals to the display device and the conversion of those signals to thefirst protocol, the display device may also be configured to operate inthe reverse direction. For example, signals of the first protocol may beconverted to serial bus signals and provided back to the host system.For example, where the user has interacted with the display devicedirectly (e.g., to modify display properties), such information may beprovided back to the host system.

Thus, according to at least some embodiments, the use of a well defineserial bus protocol (such as USB) for communicating between the hostsystem and the display may obviate incompatibility issues, e.g.,incompatibilities associated with use of the I2C bus protocol. Since awell defined serial bus (e.g., USB) is used in place of I2C, I2Cdependency issues are removed, which greatly reduces (or eliminates)testing time and cost, e.g., regression rest time and software releasetest coverage. This also reduces support costs associated with I2Cincompatibility among displays and host systems. The USB bus alsoprovides a faster connection between the host system and the display,thus allowing for additional features that may not be practical usingI2C.

Although the embodiments above have been described in considerabledetail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent tothose skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated.It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace allsuch variations and modifications.

We claim:
 1. A display device comprising: a first and second connectionoperable to be connected to a host system; a display screen; a videointerface, operable to be connected with the host system via the firstconnection and configured to receive video signals from the host systemand provide the video signals for display on the display screen; amemory that stores program instructions for controlling operation of thedisplay device; a serial bus controller comprising a universal serialbus (USB) device interface connected to the second connection,configured to receive USB signals from a USB host interface of the hostsystem, wherein the USB signals comprise information for updating theprogram instructions in the memory; wherein the serial bus controllerfurther comprises a USB to first protocol bridge, wherein the USB tofirst protocol bridge is configured to receive the USB signals from thehost system and convert the USB signals to signals of the firstprotocol; and a display controller, configured to update the programinstructions in the memory of the display in response to the signals ofthe first protocol and to receive the video signals from the videointerface for display on the display screen.
 2. The display device ofclaim 1, wherein the display controller is further configured to changedisplay properties of the display screen based on the signals of thefirst protocol.
 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein USBcommunication is provided based on user input to management softwareexecuting on the host system.
 4. The display device of claim 3, whereinthe management software provides on screen display (OSD) functions. 5.The display device of claim 1, wherein the display controller isconfigured to perform calibration based on the signals of the firstprotocol.
 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first protocolis an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol.
 7. The display device ofclaim 1, wherein the display controller comprises a processor, whereinthe processor is configured to execute the program instructions storedin the memory.
 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the USB tofirst protocol bridge comprises a processor and a second memory, whereinthe second memory stores program instructions for converting the USBsignals to the signals of the first protocol.
 9. The display device ofclaim 1, wherein the display controller is configured to perform assetmanagement operations based on the signals of the first protocol. 10.The display device of claim 9, wherein the asset management operationsinclude at least a serial number tracking function, wherein the serialnumber is an Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) of the displaydevice.
 11. A method for updating firmware of a display device,comprising: receiving, by the display device, universal serial bus (USB)signals via a USB interface, wherein the display device is configured asa USB device and the USB signals are provided by a USB host system andthe USB signals comprise information for updating the firmware of thedisplay; converting, by the display device, the USB signals to signalsof a first protocol; modifying the firmware of the display device basedon the signals of the first protocol; and receiving video signals fromthe USB host system via a video interface of the display device andproviding the video signals for display on the display screen.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, further comprising: receiving second USB signals forchanging display properties of the display device; converting the secondUSB signals to second signals of the first protocol; and changing thedisplay properties of the display device based on the second signals ofthe first protocol.
 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:converting the second USB signals to second signals of the firstprotocol; and performing asset management operations based on the secondsignals of the first protocol.
 14. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising: receiving second USB signals for performing calibration;converting the second USB signals to second signals of the firstprotocol; and performing calibration of the display device based on thesecond signals of the first protocol.
 15. The method of claim 11,wherein the first protocol is an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)protocol.
 16. A method for updating firmware of a display device,comprising: providing universal serial bus (USB) signals to a USBinterface of the display device by a USB host, wherein the USB interfaceis configured as a USB device the USB signals comprise information forupdating the firmware of the display device, wherein the USB signals areusable by the display device for conversion to signals of a firstprotocol, wherein the signals of the first protocol are usable to updatethe firmware of the display device; providing second USB signals to aUSB interface of the display device by the USB host, wherein the secondUSB signals comprise information for performing asset management of thedisplay device; and providing video signals to a video interface of thedisplay device by the USB host, wherein the video signals are usable toprovide images on a display screen of the display device.
 17. The methodof claim 16, wherein the first protocol comprises an Inter-IntegratedCircuit (I2C) protocol.
 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:providing second USB signals to the USB interface of the display device,wherein the second USB signals comprise information for changing displayproperties of the display device.
 19. A non-transitory computeraccessible memory medium storing program instructions for updatingfirmware of a display device, wherein the program instructions areexecutable by a processor to: provide universal serial bus (USB) signalsby a USB host system to a USB device interface of the display device,wherein the USB signals comprise information for updating the firmwareof the display device; wherein the USB signals are usable by the displaydevice for conversion to signals of a first protocol, wherein thesignals of the first protocol are usable to update the firmware of thedisplay device; and provide video signals from the USB host system via avideo interface of the display device.
 20. The memory medium of claim19, wherein the first protocol is an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)protocol.
 21. A system comprising: a host device comprising a videoconnection and a universal serial bus (USB) interface; a display devicecomprising a first connection coupled with the video connection of thehost device and second connection coupled with the USB interface of thehost device, the display device further comprising: a display screen; avideo interface connected with the host device via the first connectionand configured to receive video signals from the host device and providethe video signals for display on the display screen; a memory thatstored program instructions for controlling operation of the displaydevice; a serial bus controller comprising a USB device interfaceconnected to the second connection, configured to receive USB signalsfrom a USB host interface of the host device, wherein the USB signalscomprise information for updating the program instructions in thememory; wherein the serial bus controller further comprises a USB tofirst protocol bridge, wherein the USB to first protocol bridge isconfigured to receive the USB signals from the host device and convertthe USB signals to signals of the first protocol; and a displaycontroller, configured to update the program instructions in the memoryof the display in response to the signals of the first protocol and toreceive the video signals from the video interface for display on thedisplay screen.